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Publications of year 2000
Book chapters
  1. G Blomqvist, B. Tavitian, Sabina Pappata, C. Crouzel, Antoinette Jobert, and L. Di Giamberardino. A tracer kinetic model for measurement of regional acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain using 11Cphysostigmine and PET. In A. Gjedde, editor,Physiological Imaging of the Brain with PET, chapter 40, pages 273--278. Academic Press, 2000. [bibtex-entry]


  2. Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz, A. Christophe, and B. van Ooijen. Les bases cérébrales de l'acquisition du langage. In M. Kail and M. Fayol, editors,L'émergence du langage, volume 1, pages 61--93. PUF, 2000. [bibtex-entry]


  3. Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz and Brit. van Ooijen. Le langage dans la première année de vie: nouvelles perspectives. In P. Evrard and M. Tardieu, editors,Neuropédiatrie, volume 6 of Progrès en Pédiatrie, Nouvelle série, pages 34--40. Douin, 2000. [bibtex-entry]


Articles in journals
  1. B. Bazin, Laurent Cohen, S. Lehéricy, C. Pierrot-Deseilligny, C. Marsault, M. Baulac, and D. Le Bihan. Etude de latéralisation hémisphérique des aires du langage en IRM fonctionnelle. Validation par le test de Wada. rn, 156:145--148, 2000. [bibtex-entry]


  2. G. A. Cecchi, M. Sigman, J. M. Alonso, L. Martinez, D. R. Chialvo, and M. O. Magnasco. Noise in neurons is message dependent. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97(10):5557-61, May 2000. [WWW] [PDF]
    Abstract: Neuronal responses are conspicuously variable. We focus on one particular aspect of that variability: the precision of action potential timing. We show that for common models of noisy spike generation, elementary considerations imply that such variability is a function of the input, and can be made arbitrarily large or small by a suitable choice of inputs. Our considerations are expected to extend to virtually any mechanism of spike generation, and we illustrate them with data from the visual pathway. Thus, a simplification usually made in the application of information theory to neural processing is violated: noise is not independent of the message. However, we also show the existence of error-correcting topologies, which can achieve better timing reliability than their components
    [bibtex-entry]


  3. H. Chabriat, Sabina Pappata, L. Ostergaard, C. A. Clark, M. Pachot-Clouard, K. Vahedi, Antoinette Jobert, Denis LeBihan, and M. G. Bousser. Cerebral Hemodynamics in CADASIL before and after acetazolamide challenge assessed with MRI bolus tracking. Stroke, 31:1904--1912, 2000. [bibtex-entry]


  4. Jean-Pierre Changeux and Stanislas Dehaene. Hierarchical neuronal modeling of cognitive functions: from synaptic transmission to the Tower of London. international Journal of Psychophysiology, 35:179--187, 2000. [PDF] [bibtex-entry]


  5. Laurent Cohen, Stanislas Dehaene, Florence Chochon, Stéphane Lehéricy, and Lionel Naccache. Language and calculation within the parietal lobe: A combined cognitive, anatomical and fMRI study. Neurospychologia, 138:1426--1440, 2000. [PDF] [bibtex-entry]


  6. Laurent Cohen, Stanislas Dehaene, Lionel Naccache, S. Lehéricy, Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz, M. A. Hénaff, and F. Michel. The visual word form area: spatial and temporal characterization of an initial stage of reading in normal subjects and posterior split-brain patients. Brain, 123:291--307, 2000. [PDF] [bibtex-entry]


  7. Laurent Cohen and Stanislas Dehaene. Calculating without reading : Unsuspected residual abilities in pure alexia. cn, 17:563--583, 2000. [PDF] [bibtex-entry]


  8. Stanislas Dehaene and J. P. Changeux. Reward-dependent learning in neuronal networks for planning and decision making. Prog Brain Res, 126:217--229, 2000. [PDF]
    Abstract: Neuronal network models have been proposed for the organization of evaluation and decision processes in prefrontal circuitry and their putative neuronal and molecular bases. The models all include an implementation and simulation of an elementary reward mechanism. Their central hypothesis is that tentative rules of behavior, which are coded by clusters of active neurons in prefrontal cortex, are selected or rejected based on an evaluation by this reward signal, which may be conveyed, for instance, by the mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons with which the prefrontal cortex is densely interconnected. At the molecular level, the reward signal is postulated to be a neurotransmitter such as dopamine, which exerts a global modulatory action on prefrontal synaptic efficacies, either via volume transmission or via targeted synaptic triads. Negative reinforcement has the effect of destabilizing the currently active rule-coding clusters; subsequently, spontaneous activity varies again from one cluster to another, giving the organism the chance to discover and learn a new rule. Thus, reward signals function as effective selection signals that either maintain or suppress currently active prefrontal representations as a function of their current adequacy. Simulations of this variation-selection have successfully accounted for the main features of several major tasks that depend on prefrontal cortex integrity, such as the delayed-response test, the Wisconsin card sorting test, the Tower of London test and the Stroop test. For the more complex tasks, we have found it necessary to supplement the external reward input with a second mechanism that supplies an internal reward; it consists of an auto-evaluation loop which short-circuits the reward input from the exterior. This allows for an internal evaluation of covert motor intentions without actualizing them as behaviors, by simply testing them covertly by comparison with memorized former experiences. This element of architecture gives access to enhanced rates of learning via an elementary process of internal or covert mental simulation. We have recently applied these ideas to a new model, developed with M. Kerszberg, which hypothesizes that prefrontal cortex and its reward-related connections contribute crucially to conscious effortful tasks. This model distinguishes two main computational spaces within the human brain: a unique global workspace composed of distributed and heavily interconnected neurons with long-range axons, and a set of specialized and modular perceptual, motor, memory, evaluative and attentional processors. We postulate that workspace neurons are mobilized in effortful tasks for which the specialized processors do not suffice; they selectively mobilize or suppress, through descending connections, the contribution of specific processor neurons. In the course of task performance, workspace neurons become spontaneously co-activated, forming discrete though variable spatio-temporal patterns subject to modulation by vigilance signals and to selection by reward signals. A computer simulation of the Stroop task shows workspace activation to increase during acquisition of a novel task, effortful execution, and after errors. This model makes predictions concerning the spatio-temporal activation patterns during brain imaging of cognitive tasks, particularly concerning the conditions of activation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate, their relation to reward mechanisms, and their specific reaction during error processing
    [bibtex-entry]


  9. Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz. Le développement de la perception phonologique chez l'enfant : études électrophysiologiques. Revue de Neuropsychologie, 10(4):519--533, 2000. [bibtex-entry]


  10. Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz. Cerebral specialization for speech and non-speech stimuli in infants. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12(3):449--460, 2000. [PDF] [bibtex-entry]


  11. Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz, Emmanuel Dupoux, and A. Gout. Electrophysiological correlates of phonological processing : a cross-linguistic study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12(4):635--647, 2000. [PDF] [bibtex-entry]


  12. Robert M. DeKeyser. The robustness of critical period effects in second language acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 22:499--533, 2000. [PDF]
    Abstract: This study was designed to test the Fundamental Difference Hypoth- esis (Bley-Vroman, 1988), which states that, whereas children are known to learn language almost completely through (implicit) do- main-specific mechanisms, adults have largely lost the ability to learn a language without reflecting on its structure and have to use alternative mechanisms, drawing especially on their problem-solving capacities, to learn a second language. The hypothesis implies that only adults with a high level of verbal analytical ability will reach near-native competence in their second language, but that this ability will not be a significant predictor of success for childhood second language acquisition. A study with 57 adult Hungarian-speaking immigrants confirmed the hypothesis in the sense that very few adult immigrants scored within the range of child arrivals on a grammaticality judgment test, and that the few who did had high levels of verbal analytical ability; this ability was not a significant predictor for childhood arrivals. This study replicates the findings of Johnson and Newport (1989) and provides an explanation for the apparent exceptions in their study. These findings lead to a reconceptualization of the Critical Period Hypothesis: If the scope of this hypothesis is limited to implicit learning mechanisms, then it appears that there may be no exceptions to the age effects that the hypothesis seeks to explain
    [bibtex-entry]


  13. T. Gisiger, Stanislas Dehaene, and Jean-Pierre Changeux. Computational models of association cortex. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 10:250--259, 2000. [PDF] [bibtex-entry]


  14. Le Clec'H Gurvan, Stanislas Dehaene, Laurent Cohen, Jacques Melher, Emmanuel Dupoux, Jean-Baptiste Poline, Stéphane Lehéricy, Pierre-François van de Moortele, and Denis LeBihan. Distinct cortical areas for names of numbers and bodyparts independent of language and input modality. ni, 12:381--391, 2000. [PDF] [bibtex-entry]


  15. Stéphane Lehéricy, Laurent Cohen, B. Bazin, S. Samson, Eric Giacomini, Rozenn Rougetet, Lucie Hertz-Pannier, Denis LeBihan, C. Marsault, and M. Baulac. Functional MR evaluation of temporal and frontal language dominance compared to the Wada test. Neurology, 54:1625--1633, 2000. [PDF] [bibtex-entry]


  16. Lionel Naccache, A. Slachevsky, R. Levy, and B. Dubois. Simultanagnosia in a patient with right brain lesions. Journal of Neurology, 247:650--651, 2000. [bibtex-entry]


  17. M. Sigman and C. D. Gilbert. Learning to find a shape. Nat Neurosci, 3(3):264-9, March 2000. [WWW]
    Abstract: We studied the transition of stimuli from novel to familiar in visual search and in the guidance of attention to a particular object. Ability to identify an object improved dramatically over several days of training. The learning was specific for the object's position in the visual field, orientation and configuration. Improvement was initially localized to one or two positions near the fixation spot and then expanded radially to include the full area of the stimulus array. Characteristics of this learning process may reflect a shift in the cortical representation of complex features toward earlier stages in the visual pathway
    [bibtex-entry]


  18. Mariano Sigman and Gabriel Mindlin. Dynamics of three coupled excitable cells with D3 symmetry. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 10:1709-1728, 2000. [PDF] [bibtex-entry]


  19. R. Sobota, M. Szwed, A. Kasza, M. Bugno, and T. Kordula. Parthenolide inhibits activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) induced by cytokines of the IL-6 family.. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 267(1):329--333, January 2000. [WWW]
    Abstract: Progression of inflammatory processes correlates with the release of cell-derived mediators from the local site of inflammation. These mediators, including cytokines of the IL-1 and IL-6 families, act on host cells and exert their action by activating their signal transduction pathways leading to specific target gene activation. Parthenolide, a sesquiterpene lactone found in many medical plants, is an inhibitor of IL-1-type cytokine signaling that blocks the activation of NF-kappaB. Here we show that parthenolide is also an effective inhibitor of IL-6-type cytokines. It inhibits IL-6-type cytokine-induced gene expression by blocking STAT3 phosphorylation on Tyr705. This prevents STAT3 dimerization necessary for its nuclear translocation and consequently STAT3-dependent gene expression. This is a new molecular mechanism of parthenolide action that additionally explains its anti-inflammatory activities.
    [bibtex-entry]


  20. R. Stanescu, P Pinel, P.F. Van de Moortele, D. Le Bihan, L. Cohen, and S. Dehaene. Understanding dissociations in dyscalculia. A brain imaging study of the impact of number size on the cerebral network for exact and approximate calculation.. Brain, 123:2240-55, 2000. [PDF] [bibtex-entry]


  21. R. Stanescu, Philippe Pinel, Pierre-François van de Moortele, Denis LeBihan, Laurent Cohen, and Stanislas Dehaene. Cerebral bases of calculation processes: Impact of number size on the cerebral circuits for exact and approximative calculation. Brain, 123:2240--2255, 2000. [PDF] [bibtex-entry]


  22. F. Tankere, T. Maisonobe, L. Naccache, G. Lamas, J. Soudant, N. Danziger, P. Bouche, E. Fournier, and J.-C Willer. Further evidence for a central reorganisation of synaptic connectivity in patients with hypoglossal-facial anastomosis in man. Brain Research, 864(1):87-94, 2000. [bibtex-entry]


Conference proceedings
  1. Christophe Pallier. Word recognition: Do we need phonological representations?. In A. Cutler, J. M. McQueen, and R Zondervan, editors, Proceedings of the Workshop on Spoken Word Access Processes (SWAP), Nijmegen, The Netherlands, pages 159-162, 2000. Max-Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics. [PDF] [bibtex-entry]


Miscellaneous
  1. Olivier Simon. Place des examens complémentaires dans la maladie de Parkinson: Revue de la littérature. Conférence de consensus : la maladie de Parkinson : critères diagnostiques et thérapeutiques, Paris , FRANCE (03/03/2000) vol. 156, no 2BIS, SUP (294 p.) (1 p.1/4), pp. 23-29, 2000. [bibtex-entry]



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